O tomto reporte

Toto zverejnenie slúži ako dôkaz o splnení regulačných požiadaviek podľa článku 66 ods. 5 nariadenia MiCA. Na základe tohto ustanovenia sú poskytovatelia služieb kryptoaktív povinní zverejňovať významné nepriaznivé vplyvy na klímu a životné prostredie. Toto zverejnenie je v plnom súlade s Delegovaným nariadením Komisie (EÚ) 2025/422, ktorým sa dopĺňa nariadenie Európskeho parlamentu a Rady (EÚ) 2023/1114, pokiaľ ide o regulačné technické predpisy určujúce obsah, metodiku a prezentáciu informácií o indikátoroch udržateľnosti. Nepovinné informácie uvedené v článku 6 ods. 8 písm. a) až d) delegovaného nariadenia (EÚ) 2025/422 nie sú zahrnuté.

Tento report zostáva v platnosti, kým nenastanú podstatné zmeny v podkladových dátach; v takom prípade bude bezodkladne aktualizovaný.

CoinShort NameISINDTIWhitepaperOK – CustodyOK – ExchangeConsesus MechanismBeginEndEnergy consumptionRenewable energy consumptionEnergy intensityScope 1 DLT GHG emissions – Controlled Scope 2 DLT GHG emissions – PurchasedGHG intesity
AaveAAVEEU000A3DTT03W6T647XQ9WhitepaperYESYESToken / No Consensus Algorithm6/22/20267/5/2026896.36707 kWh
Binance CoinBNBEU000A4ALS9585MP572L7WhitepaperYESYESProof of Stake (PoS)6/22/20267/5/2026137,067.47797 kWh
BitcoinBTCEU000A2YZK674H95J0R2XWhitepaperYESYESProof of Work (PoW)6/22/20267/5/2026148,036,767,224.90472 kWh34.912904615 %4.17499 kWh0 t58,262,742.53747 t1.64315 kg
CardanoADAEU000A3DDP05HWGL1C2CKWhitepaperYESYESProof of Stake (PoS)6/22/20267/5/2026388,206.4584 kWh37.044151261 %0.00013 kWh0 t129.05777 t0.00004 kg
ChainlinkLINKEU000A3C3B828SBB81M2MWhitepaperYESYESToken / No Consensus Algorithm6/22/20267/5/2026385.72255 kWh29.07 %0.00002 kWh0 t409.51796 t0.00001 kg
EthereumETH2EU000A2YZK75X9J9K872SYESYESProof of Stake (PoS)6/22/20267/5/20264,570,473.00489 kWh32.373851955 %0.00025 kWh0 t1,432.20164 t0.00008 kg
LitcoinLTCEU000A26RHP6WTX0G7K46WhitepaperYESYESProof of Work (PoW)6/22/20267/5/20265,178,765,130.42632 kWh34.912904615 %0.19016 kWh0 t2,038,203.51601 t0.07484 kg
PolkadotDOTEU000A3DDP13P5B46MFPPYESYESProof of Stake (PoS)6/11/20266/24/20261,003,077.05852 kWh35.174057801 %0.00039 kWh0 t304.37261 t0.00012 kg
PolygonPOLEU000A3DTSV8RQWW6J6K0WhitepaperYESYESProof of Stake (PoS)6/22/20267/5/2026176,828.79851 kWh
SolanaSOLEU000A3DDP2120J63Z4N3WhitepaperYESYESProof of Stake (PoS)6/22/20267/5/202613,323,438.98073 kWh32.758137192 %0.00001 kWh0 t4,348.33576 t0 kg
StellarXLMEU000A3DTSX4C4SRNZD8KWhitepaperYESYESByzantine-Fault Tolerant (BFT)6/22/20267/5/202650,261.00494 kWh
TezosXTZEU000A3D1PE57VTRKSC7SWhitepaperYESYESProof of Stake (PoS)6/23/20267/6/2026249,771.27854 kWh
UniswapUNIEU000A3C3D07P1FTS4328WhitepaperYESYESToken / No Consensus Algorithm6/22/20267/5/202624,340.83981 kWh
EURCEURCXFC00020641113XTMPZT3WhitepaperYESYESToken / No Consensus Algorithm
USDCUSDCXFC000034086TJWK5QTRKWhitepaperYESYESToken / No Consensus Algorithm

zdroj: Boerse Stuttgart Group

Incentives

  • Token / No Consensus Algorithm:
    Tokens do not have an own consensus mechanism, but rely on the consensus mechanism of one or multiple underlying crypto-asset networks. Depending on the token design, incentive mechanisms arise from the utility, scarcity, or governance rights.
  • Proof of Stake (PoS):
    A Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism incentivizes validators to secure the network and validate transactions by staking their own crypto-assets as collateral. Validators are selected to create new blocks based on the amount of cryptocurrency they hold and are willing to ‚stake‘, rather than through computational power. If validators act honestly, they earn rewards through transaction fees; however, malicious behavior or proposing invalid blocks can lead to a reduction of their staked assets, creating an economic penalty that discourages misconduct and ensures network integrity.
  • Proof of Work (PoW):
    A Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism incentivizes miners to secure the network by publishing updates to the ledger in the form of blocks, containing newly submitted and verified transactions. Miners compete to solve cryptographic puzzles, and the first to succeed earns newly minted crypto-assets (block reward) and user-paid transaction fees. Misconduct, such as attempting to add invalid blocks or rewrite the history of the ledger, results in wasted computational resources and opportunity costs, creating an economic penalty that discourages dishonest behavior.
  • Byzantine-Fault Tolerant (BFT):
    Byzantine-Fault-Tolerant (BFT) consensus mechanisms, such as Proof of Authority (PoA), Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), Byzantine Agreement (BA) or similar mechanisms, secure the network through a predefined set of validators who are trusted to validate transactions and add blocks to the ledger. Unlike open networks where anyone can participate (as in Proof-of-Work or Proof-of-Stake), BFT and similar mechanisms operate with known and vetted participants, often selected by a governing entity. Validators are incentivized to maintain the network’s integrity through monetary rewards or external motivations, such as institutional trust or regulatory obligations. Malicious actions, such as submitting invalid transactions or failing to participate in consensus, can result in penalties, removal from the validator set, or other repercussions, creating an economic and reputational deterrent to dishonest behavior. Validators reach consensus by verifying transactions and proposing blocks, and, as long as a majority of validators act honestly, the network remains secure.

Energy sources & methodologies:
Data provided by CCRI; all indicators are based on a set of assumptions and thus represent estimates; methodology description and overview of input data, external datasets and underlying assumptions available at: https://carbon-ratings.com/dl/whitepaper-mica-methods-2024 and https://docs.mica.api.carbon-ratings.com. We do not account for any offsetting of energy consumption or other market-based mechanism as of today.